Sandro C. Esteves, MD., PhD. is a reproductive urologist who specializes in treating male infertility, particularly its connection with assisted reproductive technology (ART). He is the founder and medical director of ANDROFERT, a fertility center based in Campinas, Brazil, dedicated to male reproductive health. He is also a Collaborating Professor of Urology at the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil, and an Honorary Professor of Reproductive Medicine at Aarhus University, Denmark.

Dr. Esteves earned his medical degree in 1990 from the Faculty of Medical Sciences at UNICAMP, where he also completed his urology residency. He pursued a research fellowship at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation in the United States, focusing on male infertility. He later obtained a master’s degree in Surgery from UNICAMP and a PhD in Urology from the Federal University of São Paulo (EPM–UNIFESP). With more than 25 years of experience, Dr. Esteves has significantly advanced our understanding of male infertility in both clinical and academic settings. His work has focused on sperm DNA fragmentation, the importance of accurate semen analysis, and the limitations of basic diagnostics. He has underscored the role of varicocele repair and hormonal therapy in improving male fertility, particularly in non-obstructive azoospermia. He is the lead author of the APHRODITE criteria, a novel classification system designed to guide the treatment of men with testicular dysfunction and improve fertility outcomes through personalized hormonal therapy.

Dr. Esteves is a prolific author with over 350 published scientific papers, as well as numerous book chapters, and textbooks. He holds a Hirsch index of 78 and has been cited over 20,ooo times. According to the Science-Wide Author Databases of Standard Citation Indicators (Elsevier/Stanford), he is ranked among the top 1% of global researchers. He is a founding member of the POSEIDON group, which developed new stratification criteria for couples with a low prognosis undergoing ART. In addition to his clinical work and research, Dr. Esteves serves as Associate Editor/Section Editor for several journals, including Human Reproduction, Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Online, Frontiers in Endocrinology, and the International Brazilian Journal of Urology. He is also an editorial board member of many journals, including Nature Reviews Urology and International Urology and Nephrology. At ANDROFERT, Dr. Esteves has led initiatives to implement cleanroom technologies and quality management systems (ISO 9001), achieving national recognition for excellence in male fertility care. His team has consistently delivered outstanding results in treating complex cases of male infertility. A frequent speaker at national and international conferences, Dr. Esteves has received numerous research grants and awards. He serves as the head of the Andrology Committee at the Brazilian Society of Human Reproduction and is the Topic Leader of the Male Infertility Group for the WHO Infertility Guidelines.