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Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can be used to assist people who are likely to develop type 2 diabetes (T2D), such as those with prediabetes/intermediate hyperglycaemia (IH) or are living with obesity, or women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) [Tao, 2011] by supporting behavioural change and improving glycaemic control. CGM technology can significantly improve the rate and timing of detection of dysglycaemia [Battelino, 2025] and provide a comprehensive assessment of glycaemic control [Bergenstal, 2024]. Although CGM is the standard of care for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D), there is increasing evidence supporting its use in the care of people with T2D including those on insulin therapy or other non-intensive treatment regimens [Ajjan, 2024; Ajjan, 2024] by enabling them to adjust their medication, diet and lifestyle when needed [Battelino, 2025]. This technology is now part of the international initiatives to help raise awareness of the links between obesity, IH and T2D, and part of the recommendations to help prevent and manage these disease states [Battelino, 2025].
At the end of the activity, learners should be able to:
HCPs managing patients with T2D including clinicians involved in endocrinology, particularly diabetes, pre-diabetes/IH; obesity management and general practice; some content of interest to vascular specialists and cardiologists.
English with voice over into Spanish and Chinese
The use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in pre-diabetes/IH, T2D and Obesity
Martin Savage is Emeritus Professor of Paediatric Endocrinology at William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London. He was head of the Paediatric Endocrine Unit at Barts and the London School of Medicine from 1982 to 2007. He has interests in growth disorders, specifically those with abnormalities in the GH-IGF-1 axis and in phenotype-genotype relationships of GH-IGF-1 axis defects, notably GH resistance. He published the first human case of an IGF-1 gene defect in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1996. His other interests are Cushing’s syndrome and growth in chronic inflammatory diseases. He was General Secretary of the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) from 1997 to 2004. He has lectured in 60 countries and has published 482 original articles, reviews, textbook chapters and books. In 2007, he was awarded the ESPE Andrea Prader Prize for contributions to paediatric endocrinology and in 2018 he received a Visionary Award from the American Human Growth Foundation. In 2022, he received a Research Excellence Award from the Dr Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Journal in Riyadh, and the British Society of Paediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes James M. Tanner Lifetime Achievement Award. He continues to lecture nationally and internationally.
Tadej Battelino completed his medical degree at the University of Ljubljana in 1990. He completed a PhD focusing on glucose metabolism in neonatal endotoxic shock in 1996. He completed his clinical fellowship at Loyola University of Chicago, USA, and his postdoctoral fellowship at INSERM, Paris, France. Professor Battelino is currently Consultant and Head of Department of Endocrinology, UCH-UMC Ljubljana, a clinical pharmacologist, Head, Chair of Pediatrics, and Professor of Pediatrics at Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana. He is PI on several publicly funded research projects in the field of diabetes, endocrinology and metabolism, and was awarded the Slovene national award for research in 2014, Gold medal for research at the University of Ljubljana in 2017, the ISPAD Achievement Award in 2020, the Presidential Medal from Children with Diabetes society in 2022, and the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) research award in 2023. He was Prof. Jay Skyler visiting professor at University of Florida in Miami, and visiting professor at the University of Rome, both in 2024. Professor Battelino serves on the editorial boards for the journals Diabetes Care, Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics, Acta Diabetologica, Hormone Research, and was Editor for the European Journal of Endocrinology from 2009 to 2015. He received public finding from the Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (ARIS), the European Union, and the National Institutes of Health. He has authored or co-authored over 455 papers in international peer-reviewed journals and participated chapters to several international books. His h index is 78. Professor Battelino is a member of numerous professional associations including the American Diabetes Association (ADA), European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) and the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD), for which he served as President for the 35th Annual Congress. He served on the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) council, and is co-organizer of twenty annual meetings of the Advanced Technologies and Treatment of Diabetes – ATTD. He serves as Chair, International Diabetes Federation – Europe (IDF-EU 2025-2027). He is elected Honorary member of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP), the Hellenic Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology (EEPEE), received the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology (JSPE) 2023 International Lecture Prize, the Indian D-Tech J.P. Bose oration 2023 award, the DiaTribe foundation Vanguard Leadership in Diabetes Award (2025), and the Aeretheus Lecture Award from the Helenic Diabetes Society (2026). Professor Battelino is a member of the Slovenian Medical Academy, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SAZU), and the European Academy of Sciences and Arts
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