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Cardiorenal complications of T2D include atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) [Castro Conde, 2023]. The updated 2025 IDF Global Clinical Practice Recommendations for Managing T2D [Ceriello, 2025] has a chapter dedicated to cardiorenal protection, emphasising its importance in the premature mortality and significant morbidity in people with T2D [Ceriello, 2025; Colagiuri, 2025]. A multi-pillared management approach is proposed to improve cardiorenal patient outcomes, which focuses on early glycaemic control (intensive glucose control reduces the risk of CVD, retinopathy, and nephropathy [Turnbull, 2009; Zoungas, 2017]) and multifactorial risk factor intervention (e.g. blood pressure control, lipid management, lifestyle modification/smoking cessation/weight management) [Marx, 2023; ElSayed, 2024; Colagiuri, 2025]. Use of proven cardiorenal protective therapies offering additional protection include sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, non-steroidal mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonist (MRA), and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) as well as renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers [Georgianos, 2024].
At the end of the activity, learners should be able to:
HCPs managing patients with T2D including clinicians involved in endocrinology, particularly diabetes, pre-diabetes/IH; obesity management and general practice; some content of interest to vascular specialists and cardiologists.
English with voice over into Spanish and Chinese
Cardiorenal protection in pre-diabetes/IH and T2D
Martin Savage is Emeritus Professor of Paediatric Endocrinology at William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London. He was head of the Paediatric Endocrine Unit at Barts and the London School of Medicine from 1982 to 2007. He has interests in growth disorders, specifically those with abnormalities in the GH-IGF-1 axis and in phenotype-genotype relationships of GH-IGF-1 axis defects, notably GH resistance. He published the first human case of an IGF-1 gene defect in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1996. His other interests are Cushing’s syndrome and growth in chronic inflammatory diseases. He was General Secretary of the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) from 1997 to 2004. He has lectured in 60 countries and has published 482 original articles, reviews, textbook chapters and books. In 2007, he was awarded the ESPE Andrea Prader Prize for contributions to paediatric endocrinology and in 2018 he received a Visionary Award from the American Human Growth Foundation. In 2022, he received a Research Excellence Award from the Dr Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Journal in Riyadh, and the British Society of Paediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes James M. Tanner Lifetime Achievement Award. He continues to lecture nationally and internationally.
Juliana Chan is Professor of Medicine and Therapeutics at The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Director, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity. She is an endocrinologist and clinical pharmacologist with interest in epidemiology, genetics, clinical trials and care models. In 1995, she set up the Hong Kong Diabetes Register and biobank. and later the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE) Platform to implement data-driven care and collaborative research. The linking of these registers with hospitalization data has created outcome models, molecular signatures and real-world evidence in pursuit of prediction, prevention and treatment of diabetes with precision, value and quality. She has published over 900 articles and 29 book chapters and serves on committees of landmark trials and practice guidelines. In 2020, she led the Lancet Commission Report on Diabetes to advocate using data to transform diabetes care and patient lives. She has received the Harold Rifkin Award for Distinguished International Service for a Cause in Diabetes and Kelly West Award for Outstanding Achievement in Epidemiology by the American Diabetes Association and the Yutaka Seino Distinguished Leadership Award by the Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes.
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